Catalytic converters are devices fitted to vehicle exhaust systems that transform harmful toxic gases into less harmful emissions. These devices use a catalyst, typically made from platinum, palladium, and rhodium, to facilitate chemical reactions that convert pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and hydrocarbons (HC) into less toxic substances like carbon dioxide (CO₂), nitrogen (N₂), and water vapor (H₂O).
