Several toxins can disrupt GI motility, including:
Heavy metals like lead and mercury, which can cause neurotoxicity and impair neural control of GI functions. Pesticides, such as organophosphates, which inhibit acetylcholinesterase and lead to excessive stimulation of the GI tract. Pharmaceuticals like opioids, which can induce constipation by reducing GI motility. Botulinum toxin, which inhibits neurotransmitter release and can cause severe constipation or paralytic ileus.
