Bayesian models are applied in various areas of toxicology, such as pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) modeling, where they help in understanding how chemicals are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. They are also used in ecotoxicology to assess the impact of chemicals on ecosystems. Additionally, Bayesian models are valuable in chemical mixture risk assessment, where they help in understanding the combined effects of multiple chemicals.
