Several types of mechanistic models are commonly used in toxicology:
1. Pharmacokinetic Models: These models describe how a substance is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body. They can be used to predict the concentration of a toxicant in various tissues over time.
2. Pharmacodynamic Models: These models focus on the relationship between the concentration of a toxicant and its biological effects. They are essential for understanding the dose-response relationship.
3. Biochemical Pathway Models: These models map out the [biochemical pathways](#) affected by a toxicant, identifying key enzymes, receptors, and other molecules involved in the toxic response.
4. Cellular Models: These models simulate the cellular processes affected by toxicants, such as signal transduction, gene expression, and cell death. They can be used to study specific cell types and tissues.
5. Organ/System Models: These models examine the effects of toxicants on specific organs or systems, such as the liver, kidneys, or nervous system. They can help identify target organs and predict systemic effects.
