What Are Some Protective Mechanisms Against Toxin-Induced Metabolism Disruption?
Cells have evolved several protective mechanisms to combat toxin-induced disruptions in energy metabolism. Antioxidant systems, including enzymes like superoxide dismutase and catalase, play a crucial role in neutralizing ROS. Additionally, cells can upregulate stress response pathways, such as the Nrf2 pathway, which enhances the expression of detoxifying enzymes and protective proteins. Moreover, dietary antioxidants and certain pharmaceuticals can offer protective effects by bolstering these natural defense mechanisms.
