The body has several DNA repair mechanisms to counteract damage and maintain genomic integrity. These include:
Direct Reversal: Certain enzymes can reverse damage without replacing the damaged segment, such as photolyase repairing UV-induced thymine dimers. Excision Repair: This involves removing damaged bases or nucleotides and replacing them with the correct ones, as seen in base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Recombination Repair: Used primarily for double-strand breaks, this involves the exchange of genetic information between homologous DNA molecules.
