Despite significant advancements, toxicology faces several challenges:
Complexity of Chemical Mixtures: Most real-world exposures involve mixtures of chemicals, making it difficult to determine the toxicity of individual components. Low-Dose Exposures: Understanding the effects of low-dose and chronic exposures remains a significant challenge, as traditional toxicology often focuses on high-dose, acute effects. Ethical Considerations: The move towards alternative testing methods must balance scientific rigor with ethical considerations, particularly regarding animal testing. Data Integration: Integrating vast amounts of data from various sources, including omics technologies, into cohesive risk assessments is complex and requires advanced computational tools.
