- Complexity of Biological Systems: Biological systems are inherently complex, and understanding the interactions between various components can be daunting. - Data Integration: Integrating data from different profiling methods and translating them into actionable insights is challenging. - Regulatory Hurdles: Regulatory requirements are stringent, and meeting them requires robust and validated profiling methods. - Ethical Concerns: The ethical implications of animal testing and the need for alternatives pose significant challenges.