The consequences of lipid peroxidation are far-reaching and detrimental. The breakdown products of lipid peroxidation, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), can form adducts with proteins, DNA, and other crucial cellular components, disrupting their normal function. This can lead to cellular dysfunction, apoptosis, or necrosis. In the context of toxicology, lipid peroxidation is often a marker of oxidative stress and is implicated in various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.
