Several factors contribute to data uncertainty in toxicology:
Biological Variability: Differences in responses among individuals due to genetic, age, sex, and health status variations. Experimental Design Limitations: Issues such as small sample sizes, lack of controls, or non-representative animal models can introduce uncertainty. Measurement Errors: Inaccuracies in the detection and quantification of chemicals due to instrument limitations or human error. Extrapolation Issues: Uncertainty in applying data from high-dose animal studies to predict low-dose human effects. Environmental Variability: Changes in environmental conditions that can affect exposure levels and chemical behavior.
