The mechanisms by which toxins induce renal toxicity include:
Direct Cellular Damage: Toxins can cause direct injury to the renal tubules, leading to cell death and loss of renal function. Oxidative Stress: Many toxins generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damage to renal cells. Inflammation: Some toxins can trigger inflammatory pathways, resulting in renal tissue damage. Altered Hemodynamics: Certain toxins can disrupt renal blood flow, leading to ischemia and subsequent renal damage.
