What Are the Mechanisms Underlying Immune Modulation?
The mechanisms behind immune modulation are complex and multifaceted. Toxicants can affect immune cell function and survival, alter cytokine production, or interfere with signal transduction pathways. For instance, some chemicals may induce apoptosis or necrosis in immune cells, leading to reduced immune capacity. Others may alter cytokine profiles, shifting the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signals. These alterations can disrupt immune homeostasis, potentially resulting in increased vulnerability to diseases.
