The toxicological effects of alkaloids vary widely depending on their chemical structure and the dose. Some alkaloids, like atropine and strychnine, are highly toxic and can cause severe physiological disturbances. Symptoms may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsions, respiratory failure, and even death. It is crucial for toxicologists to understand the dose-response relationship of alkaloids to assess their potential risk to human health.