Surfactants are classified based on the nature of their hydrophilic head groups into four main categories: anionic, cationic, nonionic, and amphoteric. Anionic surfactants carry a negative charge and are often used in detergents. Cationic surfactants carry a positive charge and are commonly found in fabric softeners. Nonionic surfactants have no charge and are typically used in cosmetics and food products. Amphoteric surfactants can carry both positive and negative charges depending on the pH of the solution, making them versatile for various applications.
