Cellular injury arises when cells are unable to maintain homeostasis due to exposure to harmful agents. These agents can be categorized into several types:
Chemical Agents: Chemicals such as heavy metals, solvents, and pesticides can disrupt cellular processes. Biological Agents: Bacteria, viruses, and fungi can induce injury through infection and inflammation. Physical Agents: Radiation, temperature extremes, and mechanical trauma can cause physical damage to cells.
