Extrapyramidal symptoms are primarily associated with the use of antipsychotic medications, especially older, first-generation antipsychotics such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine. These medications work by blocking dopamine receptors, particularly D2 receptors, in the brain, which can lead to a disruption in the normal balance of neurotransmitters. Additionally, other drugs such as metoclopramide and certain toxins can also cause EPS. In rare cases, traditional remedies or environmental exposures to toxic substances may lead to similar symptoms.
