Several factors can influence the rate and efficiency of excretion, including:
Age: The efficiency of excretion can decrease with age due to reduced kidney and liver function. Genetics: Genetic variations can affect the expression of enzymes and transporters involved in excretion. Hydration status: Adequate hydration can enhance renal excretion by increasing urine flow. pH: The pH of urine can influence the ionization state of a toxicant, affecting its reabsorption and excretion. Drug interactions: Certain drugs can inhibit or induce the enzymes and transporters involved in excretion.
