Stereoisomers are molecules with the same chemical formula but different spatial arrangements of atoms. They play a significant role in toxicology because different stereoisomers can have different toxicological profiles. For instance, the drug thalidomide exists as two enantiomers: one is an effective treatment for morning sickness, while the other can cause severe birth defects. Understanding and controlling stereochemistry is thus essential in the development of safe and effective drugs.
