Several toxins are associated with ischemia. These include:
Carbon monoxide - Impairs oxygen transport by binding to hemoglobin. Cyanide - Inhibits cytochrome c oxidase, blocking cellular respiration. Heavy metals (e.g., lead, arsenic) - Can cause vascular damage and impair blood flow. Venomous snake bites - Contain toxins that can disrupt blood flow and cause tissue necrosis.
