Why Are Urinary Biomarkers Important in Toxicology?
Urinary biomarkers are pivotal because they reflect recent exposure and provide a direct measure of the body burden of chemicals. This is important for several reasons:
Non-invasive Collection: Urine samples can be collected easily and repeatedly without discomfort, making it an ideal medium for monitoring exposure over time. Real-time Monitoring: Changes in biomarker levels can indicate exposure to toxicants even before clinical symptoms appear. Wide Applicability: They are useful for assessing exposure to a wide range of substances, including pesticides, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals.
