Conducting an EWAS involves several key steps. First, researchers collect biological samples, such as blood, saliva, or tissue, from individuals exposed to a particular toxicant and from control groups. Next, they use high-throughput technologies like DNA methylation arrays or next-generation sequencing to profile epigenetic modifications across the genome. Statistical analyses are then employed to identify associations between specific epigenetic changes and the exposure of interest. This process requires careful consideration of confounding factors, such as age, sex, and lifestyle, to ensure valid results.
