Toxins can adversely affect the optic nerve through different mechanisms. Some toxins may directly damage the nerve fibers, while others might compromise blood supply or lead to inflammatory responses. Neurotoxins, such as methanol, can cause metabolic disturbances leading to optic nerve damage. Heavy metals like lead and mercury, and certain organic solvents can also have detrimental effects on the optic nerve. These agents can lead to a condition known as optic neuropathy, characterized by vision loss and visual field defects.
