Substances capable of causing addiction often act on the brain's reward circuitry, primarily involving neurotransmitters like dopamine. These substances induce a euphoric state, reinforcing the behavior and encouraging repeated use. Over time, the brain adapts to these changes, leading to toleranceâwhere higher doses are required to achieve the same effectâand withdrawal symptoms when the substance is not used. This adaptive process makes cessation challenging and perpetuates the cycle of addiction.
