How Do Toxicants Interact with Biological Molecules?
Toxicants can interact with biological molecules through various mechanisms, such as covalent binding to proteins and nucleic acids, oxidative stress induction, and disruption of cellular signaling pathways. These interactions can lead to cellular damage, apoptosis, or necrosis. For instance, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by toxicants can cause oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA.
