How Do Toxins Contribute to the Pathogenesis of HCC?
Toxins contribute to HCC through various mechanisms:
DNA Damage: Carcinogens such as aflatoxins form DNA adducts, leading to mutations in key genes like TP53. Oxidative Stress: Chemicals like alcohol increase oxidative stress, resulting in cellular damage and inflammation. Chronic Inflammation: Persistent exposure to toxins causes chronic liver inflammation, promoting a carcinogenic environment. Epigenetic Changes: Some toxins induce changes in DNA methylation patterns, altering gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.
