Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP, used as a source of chemical energy. Toxins can cause mitochondrial dysfunction through several mechanisms. They may inhibit the electron transport chain, leading to decreased ATP production and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress. This oxidative stress can damage mitochondrial DNA, proteins, and lipids, further disrupting cellular functions.
