Organelles are specialized structures within cells that perform distinct functions necessary for cellular survival and function. In the context of toxicology, organelles are critical targets for toxicants. They can be directly damaged, leading to cell injury or death, or their normal functions can be disrupted, resulting in impaired cellular processes. For example, the mitochondria are vital for energy production, and their dysfunction due to toxicant exposure can lead to energy deficits and cell death.
