Cardiotoxicity can be assessed using a variety of methods, both in vitro and in vivo. In vitro studies often employ cultured cardiomyocytes or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) differentiated into cardiomyocytes. These models can be used to measure parameters such as cell viability, contractility, and electrophysiological properties. In vivo studies typically involve animal models, where cardiac function can be assessed using techniques like echocardiography and electrocardiography (ECG).
