The mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are varied and complex. They often involve:
Oxidative Stress: An imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability of the body to detoxify these reactive intermediates. Calcium Overload: Disruption of calcium homeostasis, leading to excessive intracellular calcium levels, which can cause cell death. Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Impairment of mitochondrial function, leading to reduced ATP production and increased ROS generation. Apoptosis: Induction of programmed cell death pathways, leading to loss of cardiomyocytes.
