In toxicology, GWAS is used to explore the genetic underpinnings of individual variations in response to chemicals, drugs, and environmental toxins. This approach helps in identifying genetic markers that can predict susceptibility to chemical toxicity, the risk of developing side effects from pharmaceuticals, and the impact of environmental exposures on health. For example, GWAS has been instrumental in understanding the pharmacogenomics of drug metabolism enzymes and transporters, which play a crucial role in determining drug efficacy and safety.
