Researchers study phase II metabolism using various experimental and computational methods. In vitro assays with liver microsomes or recombinant enzymes help elucidate enzyme activity and substrate specificity. In vivo studies in animal models and clinical trials provide insights into the pharmacokinetics and safety of drugs. Advanced techniques like metabolomics offer comprehensive analyses of metabolic pathways and their regulation.
In conclusion, phase II metabolism is a critical component of the body's defense mechanism against xenobiotics and endogenous toxins. Understanding the intricacies of this metabolic phase is essential for developing safer drugs and predicting individual responses to chemical exposures.
