Transporter inhibition is studied using various in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro assays, such as cell-based transporter assays, can help identify potential inhibitors and study their mechanisms of action. In vivo studies in animal models can provide insights into the physiological relevance of transporter inhibition and its effects on tissue distribution and toxicity. Additionally, computational models and simulations are increasingly used to predict transporter interactions and potential toxicological outcomes.
