antidiabetic medications

What Are Common Antidiabetic Medications?

Antidiabetic medications are classified into several groups, each with distinct mechanisms of action. The primary classes include:
Biguanides (e.g., metformin): Reduce hepatic glucose production and improve insulin sensitivity.
Sulfonylureas (e.g., glipizide, glyburide): Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Thiazolidinediones (e.g., pioglitazone): Enhance insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissue.
DPP-4 inhibitors (e.g., sitagliptin): Increase incretin levels, which inhibit glucagon release and increase insulin secretion.
GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., exenatide): Mimic incretin hormones, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
SGLT2 inhibitors (e.g., canagliflozin): Prevent glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting glucose excretion.

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