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antidiabetic medications
What Are Common Antidiabetic Medications?
Antidiabetic medications are classified into several groups, each with distinct mechanisms of action. The primary classes include:
Biguanides
(e.g., metformin): Reduce hepatic glucose production and improve insulin sensitivity.
Sulfonylureas
(e.g., glipizide, glyburide): Stimulate insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells.
Thiazolidinediones
(e.g., pioglitazone): Enhance insulin sensitivity in muscle and adipose tissue.
DPP-4 inhibitors
(e.g., sitagliptin): Increase incretin levels, which inhibit glucagon release and increase insulin secretion.
GLP-1 receptor agonists
(e.g., exenatide): Mimic incretin hormones, enhancing glucose-dependent insulin secretion.
SGLT2 inhibitors
(e.g., canagliflozin): Prevent glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting glucose excretion.
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