Cyclooxygenases, commonly referred to as COX enzymes, exist primarily in two isoforms: COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is considered a constitutive enzyme, present in most tissues, and is involved in maintaining physiological functions such as gastric mucosal protection and platelet aggregation. Conversely, COX-2 is an inducible enzyme, often upregulated in response to inflammatory stimuli, and is primarily associated with inflammation and pain.
