Toxic effects can manifest in various ways, depending on the substance and the system it affects:
1. Hepatotoxicity: Damage to the liver, often caused by substances like alcohol and certain drugs. 2. Nephrotoxicity: Kidney damage, which can be induced by heavy metals and some pharmaceuticals. 3. Neurotoxicity: Harm to the nervous system, potentially caused by pesticides, solvents, and industrial chemicals. 4. Carcinogenicity: The ability of a substance to cause cancer, often linked to prolonged exposure to certain chemicals. 5. Reproductive Toxicity: Impacts on reproductive health and development, possibly due to endocrine disruptors.
