As new technologies and chemicals are developed, toxicologists face emerging challenges, such as:
1. Nanotoxicology: The study of the toxic effects of nanoparticles, which can have unique properties and behaviors. 2. Endocrine Disruptors: Chemicals that interfere with hormonal systems, which can lead to reproductive and developmental issues. 3. Environmental Persistence: Substances that do not easily break down in the environment and can accumulate over time, such as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances). 4. Combined Exposures: Assessing the effects of multiple chemicals simultaneously, which can interact in complex ways.
