What are the key toxicological agents that contribute to cardiovascular disease?
Several toxicological agents have been identified as significant contributors to CVD. These include:
- Heavy metals: Exposure to heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium is linked to hypertension and other cardiovascular issues. - Air pollutants: Particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide are known to increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. - Tobacco smoke: Both active smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke are well-established risk factors for CVD. - Pesticides: Chronic exposure to certain pesticides can lead to cardiovascular toxicity. - Endocrine disruptors: Chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates interfere with hormonal balance and have been implicated in CVD.
