What are the Mechanisms of Toxicant-Induced Liver Injury?
Toxicant-induced liver injury occurs through various mechanisms, including:
Oxidative stress: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) can damage cellular components, leading to liver cell death. Mitochondrial dysfunction: Impairment of mitochondria affects energy production and leads to apoptosis or necrosis of hepatocytes. Immune-mediated damage: Some toxicants trigger an immune response that targets liver cells. Disruption of calcium homeostasis: Altered calcium levels can activate enzymes that degrade cellular structures.
