Biological Variability: This includes differences among species, strains, and individual organisms. For example, different species may metabolize a toxic compound differently, leading to varying levels of toxicity. Even within the same species, genetic differences can result in diverse responses to the same chemical exposure. Environmental Variability: Factors such as temperature, humidity, and diet can influence the outcome of toxicological studies. Environmental conditions can alter the metabolism of a toxin or affect the health status of the test organisms. Experimental Variability: This arises from differences in experimental design, methodology, and analytical techniques. Variability in dose administration, sample handling, and measurement accuracy can all contribute to differences in study outcomes.
