In the context of toxicology, hypercalcemia can be caused by excessive intake or exposure to substances that affect calcium metabolism. Notable causes include:
Vitamin D toxicity: Over-supplementation of vitamin D can lead to increased calcium absorption from the gut.
Calcium supplements: Excessive intake of calcium supplements can directly increase blood calcium levels.
Thiazide diuretics: These medications decrease renal calcium excretion, potentially leading to hypercalcemia.
Lithium therapy: Used to treat bipolar disorder, lithium can increase parathyroid hormone levels, thereby elevating calcium.
Vitamin A toxicity: Excessive vitamin A can stimulate bone resorption, releasing more calcium into the bloodstream.
