Genetic Variability: Differences in genetic makeup can lead to variations in how individuals metabolize or respond to toxic agents. This is particularly relevant in pharmacogenomics, where genetic polymorphisms affect drug metabolism. Environmental Influences: Factors such as nutrition, lifestyle, co-exposure to other chemicals, and stress levels can modify responses to toxicants. Age and Developmental Stage: The age and developmental stage of an organism can influence sensitivity to toxins. For instance, children are often more susceptible to exposure than adults due to their developing systems. Health Status: Pre-existing health conditions may alter vulnerability to toxic substances. For example, individuals with compromised liver function may have a reduced ability to detoxify certain chemicals.
