What is the Role of Hydroxyl Groups in Chemical Toxicity?
The presence of a hydroxyl group in a molecule can influence its toxicity in multiple ways. Hydroxyl groups can increase the polarity of a compound, enhancing its solubility in water, which in turn can affect absorption, distribution, and excretion. The increased water solubility often leads to more efficient excretion, potentially reducing the toxic effects. However, in some cases, hydroxylation can activate a compound, making it more reactive and potentially more toxic. This is particularly relevant in the metabolism of xenobiotics, where hydroxylation by enzymes such as cytochrome P450 can either detoxify a compound or convert it into a toxic metabolite.
