The EMA is pivotal in ensuring that medications available in the EU are both effective and safe for consumers. Toxicology is a fundamental aspect of this process, as the EMA conducts rigorous assessments of the preclinical toxicity studies submitted by pharmaceutical companies. These studies are crucial for identifying potential adverse effects of new drugs before they reach the market. By evaluating these studies, the EMA can determine the risk-benefit profile of a medication, ensuring that its benefits outweigh any potential risks.