Nrf2 is crucial in the defense against chemical toxicity and oxidative damage. It regulates the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These enzymes are instrumental in neutralizing harmful substances and preventing cellular damage. Nrf2 also modulates the levels of glutathione, a major cellular antioxidant, thereby maintaining redox homeostasis.
