Several substances have been identified as TPO inhibitors. These include certain pharmaceuticals like methimazole and propylthiouracil, used to treat hyperthyroidism by intentionally reducing hormone production. However, environmental chemicals such as perchlorates, thiocyanates, and some pesticides can also inadvertently inhibit TPO, posing potential risks to human health. Understanding these interactions is crucial for assessing the toxicological impact of these substances.