Aminoglycosides can cause toxicity due to their ability to accumulate in the kidneys and inner ear. Their nephrotoxicity is characterized by their accumulation in the renal cortex, leading to tubular cell damage and acute kidney injury. Ototoxicity occurs because these drugs can damage the hair cells in the cochlea and vestibular apparatus, causing hearing loss and balance issues. The risk of toxicity is dose-dependent and increases with prolonged use, high doses, and in patients with pre-existing kidney disease.
