Hypnotics primarily work by enhancing the activity of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor. This action increases the inhibitory effects of GABA in the brain, leading to sedation and hypnosis. Benzodiazepines and non-benzodiazepine receptor agonists act on different subunits of the GABA-A receptor, whereas barbiturates enhance GABA activity and, at higher doses, can directly activate the receptor.
