Potassium is vital for muscle function and cardiac health. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, can be caused by substances like insulin and certain beta-agonists. These substances can drive potassium into cells, reducing its extracellular concentration. Conversely, hyperkalemia, or high potassium levels, can result from toxins that cause cellular damage, releasing intracellular potassium into the bloodstream. Examples include rhabdomyolysis induced by cocaine or crush injuries.
