How Does the Endoplasmic Reticulum Respond to Toxic Stress?
Under toxic stress, the ER can experience ER stress, a condition characterized by the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins. This can trigger the unfolded protein response (UPR), a cellular mechanism aimed at restoring normal function by halting protein translation, degrading misfolded proteins, and activating signaling pathways that lead to increased production of molecular chaperones.
