Glycoproteins are proteins that have carbohydrate oligosaccharides covalently attached to their polypeptide chain. This modification occurs post-translationally and is known as glycosylation. Glycoproteins are involved in a multitude of biological processes including cell-cell recognition, immune response, and cellular signaling. They are ubiquitous in nature and are found on the surface of cells where they can significantly impact how cells interact with their environment, including exposure to toxins.
